Intro To Pre-College Chemistry
1. Atomic Structure & Bonding
Electron configuration & periodic trends
Types of chemical bonds (ionic, covalent, polar covalent)
Hybridization (sp, sp², sp³)
Electronegativity & dipole moments
2. Molecular Structure & Geometry
VSEPR theory and molecular shapes
Resonance structures & formal charge
Intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, Van der Waals)
3. Thermodynamics & Kinetics
Energy changes in reactions (enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy)
Reaction rates & activation energy
Catalysts & their role in reaction mechanisms
4. Acid-Base Chemistry
pH, pKa, and pKb concepts
Bronsted-Lowry vs. Lewis acids and bases
Strength of acids & bases (conjugate acid-base pairs)
5. Functional Groups & Basic Nomenclature
Recognizing common organic functional groups (alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ketones, etc.)
IUPAC naming system basics
6. Reaction Mechanisms & Electron Flow
Understanding curved arrow notation
Identifying nucleophiles & electrophiles
Basic reaction types (substitution, elimination, addition)
7. Basic Laboratory Skills
Handling organic solvents & safety protocols
Separation techniques (distillation, extraction, chromatography)